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Encryption section
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README.md
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README.md
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@ -118,46 +118,49 @@ backup:
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## Encryption
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For effective use of GnuPG encryption, you will need a GnuPG key and a custom `Dockerfile`.
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For effective use of GnuPG encryption, you will need a GnuPG key and a custom image.
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### Creating a GnuPG key
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For simplicity, this guide assumes you have a `kiwi-scp` instance with some project where you want to put your backup service. You should have a shell opened in that project's directory.
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If you already have one key you want to use for this instance, skip this section.
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### GnuPG Key Generation
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#### Preparation
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> If you already have a key you want to use for this instance, skip this section.
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First, change to a safe directory, e.g. a new dir inside your home directory: `mkdir ~/kiwi-backup && cd ~/kiwi-backup`
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Reasonable defaults for a backup encryption key are:
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#### Generation
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* User ID: `Administrator <root@my-hostname.com>`
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* 4096 bit RSA
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* Doesn't expire
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* Secure passphrase (Don't bother memorizing it, you will save it in your `kiwi-scp` instance!)
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Run key generation wizard using the following command and follow its directions:
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To quickly generate a key, use the following command, then enter your passphrase:
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```sh
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gnupg:/root/.gnupg" ldericher/kiwi-backup gpg --full-generate-key
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gnupg.tmp:/root/.gnupg" ldericher/kiwi-backup gpg --quick-gen-key --yes "Administrator <root@my-hostname.com>" rsa4096 encr never
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```
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Good default choices for backup purposes are:
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This creates a subdirectory "gnupg.tmp" in the current working directory, which will be discarded later.
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* Kind of key: `1` (RSA/RSA)
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* Keysize `4096`
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* Validity `0` (doesn't expire), confirm with `y`
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* Real name `Administrator`
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* Email address `root@<your-hostname>`
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* Comment (empty)
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* Confirm with `O`
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* Input a passphrase (choose a secure password, it will be saved with your `kiwi-scp` instance!)
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#### Key-ID
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There's an output line `gpg: key 38CD19177F84710B marked as ultimately trusted` where `38CD19177F84710B` will be your Key-ID. If you lost it, you can list the keys using `gpg -k`:
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To get a more in-depth generation wizard instead, use the following command and follow its directions:
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```sh
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gnupg:/root/.gnupg" ldericher/kiwi-backup gpg -k | grep -A1 '^pub'
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gnupg.tmp:/root/.gnupg" ldericher/kiwi-backup gpg --full-gen-key
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```
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Output:
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### Key-ID
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> If you already have a key you want to use for this instance, skip this section.
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During key generation, there's an output line `gpg: key 38CD19177F84710B marked as ultimately trusted` where `38CD19177F84710B` will be your Key-ID. If you lost it, you can list the keys using `gpg -k`:
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```sh
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docker run --rm -v "$(pwd)/gnupg.tmp:/root/.gnupg" ldericher/kiwi-backup gpg -k | grep -A1 '^pub'
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```
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Output (shortened):
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```
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[...]
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pub rsa4096 2020-08-27 [SC]
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82BA35B0871675F78165618238CD19177F84710B
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```
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@ -165,48 +168,88 @@ pub rsa4096 2020-08-27 [SC]
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You can use the full fingerprint `82BA35B0871675F78165618238CD19177F84710B` or abbreviate to the last 16 digits `38CD19177F84710B`. Checking your Key-ID should succeed:
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```sh
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gnupg:/root/.gnupg" ldericher/kiwi-backup gpg --fingerprint 38CD19177F84710B
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docker run --rm -v "$(pwd)/gnupg.tmp:/root/.gnupg" ldericher/kiwi-backup gpg --fingerprint 38CD19177F84710B
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```
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For more possibilities of what counts as a Key-ID, refer to [the relevant GnuPG manual section](https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/manuals/gnupg/Specify-a-User-ID.html)
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#### Export the key
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### Export the key
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First, export the secret key.
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You now have a key to use for this instance. Export it into a new subdirectory "backup" in your project.
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The following one-liner extracts the data from the previously generated "gnupg.tmp" directory:
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```sh
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gnupg:/root/.gnupg" -v "$(pwd)/gpg-export:/root/gpg-export" ldericher/kiwi-backup sh -c 'gpg --export-secret-keys --armor <Key-ID> > /root/gpg-export/secret.asc'
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gnupg.tmp:/root/.gnupg" -v "$(pwd)/backup:/root/backup" -e "CURRENT_USER=$(id -u):$(id -g)" ldericher/kiwi-backup sh -c 'cd /root/backup && gpg --export-secret-keys --armor > secret.asc && gpg --export-ownertrust > ownertrust.txt && chown -R "${CURRENT_USER}" .'
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```
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Then, export the trust value.
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You'll now find the "backup" subdirectory having files "secret.asc" and "ownertrust.txt" in it.
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If you did not generate your keys using the container and want to export them manually, use these commands:
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```sh
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gnupg:/root/.gnupg" -v "$(pwd)/gpg-export:/root/gpg-export" ldericher/kiwi-backup sh -c 'gpg --export-ownertrust > /root/gpg-export/ownertrust.txt'
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gpg --export-secret-keys --armor [Key-ID] > /path/to/backup/secret.asc
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gpg --export-ownertrust > /path/to/backup/ownertrust.txt
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```
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Optionally, spawn a fresh container to check your export:
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Optionally, check your export:
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```sh
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docker run --rm -it -v "$(pwd)/gpg-export:/root/gpg-export:ro" ldericher/kiwi-backup sh
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docker run --rm -v "$(pwd)/backup:/root/backup:ro" ldericher/kiwi-backup sh -c 'cd /root/backup && gpg --import --batch secret.asc && gpg --import-ownertrust ownertrust.txt && gpg -k'
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```
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Inside the container, import the key. It should then appear in the list:
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Output (shortened):
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```
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/ # gpg --import /root/gpg-export/secret.asc
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[...]
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/ # gpg --import-ownertrust /root/gpg-export/ownertrust.txt
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gpg: inserting ownertrust of 6
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/ # gpg -k
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[...]
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pub rsa4096 2020-08-27 [SC]
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82BA35B0871675F78165618238CD19177F84710B
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[...]
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uid [ultimate] Administrator <root@my-hostname.com>
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```
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####
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### Describe local kiwi-backup image
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You now have a "backup" subdirectory containing your key export file and can safely discard a leftover "gnupg.tmp" subdirectory if applicable.
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Now create a simple `Dockerfile` inside the "backup" directory from following template.
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```Dockerfile
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FROM ldericher/kiwi-backup
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COPY secret.asc ownertrust.txt /root/
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RUN set -ex; \
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\
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gpg --import --batch /root/secret.asc; \
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gpg --import-ownertrust /root/ownertrust.txt; \
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rm /root/secret.asc /root/ownertrust.txt
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# Obviously, change these values to match your data!
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ENV GPG_KEY_ID="38CD19177F84710B" \
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GPG_PASSPHRASE="changeme"
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```
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You should add the "backup" directory to the repository backing up your `kiwi-scp` instance.
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### Use local image
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All that's left to do is come back to your project's `docker-compose.yml`, where you shorten one line. Old:
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```yaml
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backup:
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image: ldericher/kiwi-backup
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# [...]
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```
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New:
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```yaml
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backup:
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build: ./backup
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# [...]
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```
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That's it! `kiwi-backup` will automatically start encrypting your new backups.
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## Offsite Backups
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